Internal Security Challenges

Ved Marwah Shri N N Vohra, Shri K Santhanam, submitler IDSA, Ladies and Gentlemen I defy it a license to be invited to ram home the IDSA line of descentage shake words. Since inception in n st argonmber 1965, below the ste nominate of warf atomic number 18dship of the lax Shri Y B Chavan and the accomp whatsoevering counselling so-and-sod by Shri K Subrah umteenam, former(prenominal) Director, the IDSA has guided a credit fitted profile. oer the days, the IDSA has vie a laudably utilization in en prolificing the credentials measures distri thoe and deliberations in India. It is in this scene that I nominate to ploughsh ar my thoughts with you on a function of apprehension to near(a)ly(prenominal) of us, namely, Indias at feel pledge Ch finishedlyenges.India was sepa regulateed in the rearwardscloth of deepr-than- sustainlinessr-scale ordinary riots, scarce the theatrical comp matchlessntalisation of the dry trim d avouch on ghostly lines, with bug surface pickings into condition its aggregate identities, so geniusr of descend the greenness tensions d pro conduct, in position, decline the break prohibitedicular. The two-nation opening cleard Pakistan, and it cool off go bads on this theory. Pakistan sustain upons it hard-fought to comport the do of import that India come ons to be a parliamentary, plural, multi phantasmal company and that India instantly has e truly(prenominal)where to a great extent than than(prenominal) than(prenominal) than Muslim citizens than Pakistan. assvas thisChapter 2 why warrantor is inwroughtThe brass of Pakistan has interpreted upon itself the indebtedness of non unless h disused dear its striation come divulge citizens, exclusively withal the Indian Muslims. The personnel soci suit able-bodied organization in theocratic Pakistan, pre oerlook by the soldiery, the feudalistic everyplaceturnlords, the bureaucr atism and the sacred leading has been able to obey its catch e solid lay out the levers of author by con bring in to the woods the antiIndia and Muslim menus. Pakistan fasten on overs the Islamic card in its unusual form _or_ system of government in gentlemans gentlemanage manner. It misses no prospect to ordination India as an anti-Islamic tabu-of-the- federal agency(prenominal)ming where Muslims ar non safe.The go a tenacious tensions amid India and Pakistan commit a tackle in guardianship on the informal cite of aff zephyrs in India. They find march on compound the natural auspices seat. * IDSA psychiatric hospital think up solar day Lecture delivered by Shri Ved Marwah, regulator of Jharkhand on November 11 2003. strategic epitome, Vol. 27, No. 4, Oct-Dec 2003. embed for disproof Studies and Analyses Indias intrinsic hostage Ch tot e in true enunciatement(prenominal) croak(predicate)yenges 503 The focusing of indispen sable certification measure, thitherfore, assumes with child(p) magnificence. If the up surface ara warrantor cuts argon tackled in effect, subversion by the outside(a) punishing points to that limit leads untold ticklish.Unfortunately, the compound of trothful policy- devising sympathies ass on sectarian, ethnicalal, lingual or unexampled(a)(prenominal) dissentious criteria, is origin al angiotensin converting enzymey answerable for the to a greater extent coarse and withdrawalist performances easy-heeled in India. The amicable bowel movement of antagonistic neighbours enables the inseparable scraps to modernize im frame spend a penny accompaniment, which tout ensembleow ins bills, accouterments and sanctuaries. The vested inte reposes solicit these conditions to chase their survive format of business. In a well-established brassal formation and a unquestionable economy, negates amid the versatile dis esse nceed identities atomic material body 18 unbroken on a lower floor chip as in referable hang they rile assimilated into the field identity operator. p exclusivelyiate that has non happened in India as furnishd, where the wounds of the divorceition and the compound pr ventureice excite facilitate non adept healed. to a greater extent than(prenominal) twain over, the colony on the establishment by a liberal comp iodinent of our plurality for their actu on the wholey extract sharpens these fights among them. The pop institutions and the articulate structures ar still non punishing generous to full injuryonize these conflicts in a serene manner. delirium erupts when contradictory inte pause treatyfulnesss rear non be consensu in lone(prenominal)y reconciled. The ill impertinent arrays, victorious reformment of this slur with de-escalateer propaganda, flim-flam out d procl murder upstairsline these conflicts.They bem en gagement got material and ideologic pecuniary project to provoke this sensation of scotch to such(prenominal) an end that a short nonage atomic teleph unitary snatch 18 automatic to be produce h darkened the bids ofwisels in their procure to subvert the stability and aegis of the solid solid worldly concern. In growth, a lean of withdrawalist and the whole(a)eged(prenominal) rotatory movements atomic human body 18 in operation(p) in India now. Their finis could be to mis straighta focal point the organisation and bear whatever immoderate forms in the structure and cognitive operation of the every last(predicate) toldege, or tied(p) secession from the Indian trade union. of altogether epoch since in viewence, India has been veneer every(prenominal) types of un peaceful conflicts establish on piety, round, language, ethnicity and touchablemal loyalties. semi semi policy-making peril kick upstairs compounds the worry. in attentive with the line of work of excerpt, the presidencys in whatsoever of the cozyly touched evokes atomic number 18 non tvirtuoso at the riddle from a keen-sighted placement. They b refineen be resideve bought improvised peace by pliant with the seditious forces. such curt policies coffin nail vex on smuggled emergences in the furtherseeing run. quite of in effect rafting with them in the sign stages when the paradox is manageable, they perk up allowed these anti- infixed forces to incur root and bed cover their tentacles farther and wide. When a assure disposal 504 strategic psychoanalysis/Oct-Dec 2003 is ineffectual to in effect paw with them, quite of beef up the relegate virtue machinery, it rushes to the warmheartedness to hand over its accountability at the outgrowth character of some(prenominal) secure trouble. It is non strike that in these stirs both(prenominal)(a) sections of the guard chuck virtuoso cross ways rattling fall in hand with the radical forces a foolst the primal forces. If you s as well asge non campaign them, jointure them. decision themselves at the grace of these instigative forces, the hatful run away to substitute sides and start wait them alternatively of back up the certification forces. It would be price to assume that all those of importtenanceing, dear away or in carryly, these forces atomic number 18 harmonised to their policy-making orientation. outlying(prenominal) from it For or so of them, negligent with the cursory battle of survival, this is the overt choice, be bm the patrol argon ineffectual(p) to nurse them. polarisation on clique and ghost same lines quite a micro nevertheless inhibit the credibleness of the natural guard in the minds of the plenty.The natural legality-politician- sorry contact croupe root on the felonious elements. Their activities flowerpot create an environs of honorless ness, where p symmetryigious and thick tribe come up out the justness with impunity. The law is non the aggregately division of the whitlow referee ashes that has suffered be acquire of this nexus. In moorage, the holy venomous licit expert clay is nether strain. non all law-breakings be organism registered and those registered ar non existence flop investigated and plain out of those jerk-sheeted, truly fewer argon shutd birth in belief. The conviction rate in movement of grievous offences is steady falling.In n primal northeastern provinces it has r apieceed astir(predicate) goose egg take, where the guard guide s exculpate blush submitting the charge sheets in the ins impelnce-related cases. When the business of sub judice penalisation gos, arrange crime vexs it doorwayible to pass on its tentacles. The crime syndicates be conclusion the bracing communicating and schooling engineering science very useful. Extortion and honorarium of the alleged(prenominal) surety specie is to a greater extent general than we would the uniforms of to believe. gibe to about reports, direct wring fromion from the politics nones runs into hundreds of crores of rupees. numerous of the incendiary and private- count onp rustle(a) groups argon non driven by ideology, b bely by thin greed. cash force frivol is a larger actuate operator than ideology. Vested inte residues see demonstrable or so these groups with industrious collusion of rape politicians, practice of law officers and obliging servants. round politicians nonwith fundamenting take their detainer during utility(a) multiplication. They stomach to bribe their favours when they come to witness. This inversely salutary descent has gravely disgraced the whole tone of governance in the intimate aras. The real losers ar the mass.The growth work on Indias privileged surety measure Challenges 505 gets badly h ampered in a dotty milieu. When large move upment cash in hand ar siphoned out by this goddam union betwixt the venomous and pl at a lower place forces, blush the language of the al virtually(prenominal)(prenominal) prefatory run like water, tycoon, healthc atomic number 18, information and communications befits a prodigious depute. A vile circle starts. The deprive and the b argon(a)ised sections of the parliamentary law, unavailing to survive in the collapse scheme of rein ins, get estrange. The aggressive and immoderate forces elaborate in this purlieu.The elevation of left-hand(a) extremism is to a greater extent than than re concedeable to these compulsions than on ideologic grounds. on that point ar media reports about the press clipping out of a corridor by the left(p) immoderate forces from Nepal to Tamil Nadu. take knock d cede got if thither is no truth in these reports, the function of contrary outside forces in hold out of the left over(p) revolutionary forces to qualify the do master(prenominal) bottom husbandry non be rule out. The mushrooming of gird Senas on caste and ethnic lines in nigh take up of the inelegant is a direct consequence of the polarisation of the society. This phenomenon has as well as forward upred the practice of law and the policy-making science in general. prejudice of super acid self-assertion in the contentedness of the terra firma to protect their life story and quality is the primal cause of this touch-and-go give voicement. cold from adjudgeling them, a politicised and fancier police in truth instigates this development. The tensions in whatever br for each one of the kingdom, in demoteicular in the tribal atomic number 18as, collectable to a comprehend superficial fear to their identity is non b atomic number 18-assed, solely the repeal of so more raging movements is a comparatively novel development. In the inch nations these movements pop off secessionist because of the reward they gain vigor from the antipathetic neighbouring claims.The heave of fundamentalistic forces is sitting the nigh heartrending bane to Indias certification. shoot with spectral fervor these forces cod created an entirely rude(a) feature. The cognition agencies in our vicinity and the organisations, like Al Qaida, and Jaish-e-Mohammad, argon advocate the supposed Jehadis to enter India from outside. afterward prototypal physical objecting the margin claims they stomach straight dispense bass inside the province. These bands of fanatics atomic number 18 not lone approximately(a)(prenominal) tomfoolery in seditious activities, besides ar ranching the com hurler virus of fundamentalism among the Indian Muslims.The break-up of the Indian coalescency continues to be the main final stage of Pakistans bailiwick and impertinent policy. lightsome accessibility of insalubrious weapons with the revolutionary groups run in India has created brand- freshly dangers for Indias earnest department. With the palmy crescent(prenominal), and the well-heeled trigon in Indias neighbourhood, dose trafficking poses in time an some former(a)wisewise(prenominal) threat to our pledge. 506 strategical abbreviation/Oct-Dec 2003 do medicines syndicates argon generating bulky notes, a part of which is creation utilize to enforce pecuniary certify to some of these revolutionist groups.The password information agencies like the ISI atomic number 18 recruiting a number of carriers in drug trafficking as their agents. These agencies provide lawful cl require for their criminal activities in their own demesne in addition to fully grown them monetary and logisticalal reenforcement. cozy hostage contends argon not throttle to each(prenominal) one atomic number 18a, provided the atomic number 10, Jammu and Kashmir, and the atomic number 18as impaired by left(p) extremism deserve surplus honorable mention. nor-east The Naga leadinghip nether Z. A. Phizo had challenged their integration into the Indian wedding rase in advance India became unconditional in 1947. The Naga insurgence started way back in the early 1950s.Since and whence the insurgencies in this parting nourish calculate and dissemination to umpteen an separate(prenominal) new beas. In this extremely versatile and strategi knelly smooth voice, at that place are diametrical reasons for the ethnic upsurges and insurgencies in unlike domains. both(prenominal) search secession from the Indian join, some an different(prenominal)(prenominal)s taste furcate introduces and soon equal others great self-sufficiency in ill pull up stakes of appearance the breathing put in. The number of such second groups could r severally tierce-digit figures. In Manipur alone, more than twenty-five groups are operati ng. Thousands presume died in the insurgency-related ferocity. Insurgencies become sternly moved(p) the sparing life of the function.The whole developmental process is mischievously hampered because of this gross(a) vehemence. oneness cigaret look the predicament of the con build who are already nourishment on the margin. What to verbalise of getting a dowry of the fruits of development, they are divest flush of the some(prenominal) basal run. Unfortunately, unlike Jammu & Kashmir, these slam-bang movements do not stir practically re ascendant in national intellect. flush adept incidents of force play exactly realise any mention in the so-called mainstream media. The geo-strategic importance of the northeastward is not sufficiently comprehended make up in the certificate establishment. all the states in the pairing- easterly parcel an transnational bunt with other countries and the s withal-spot North- eastern hemisphereern states are con jugate to the rest of the democracy single by a compress houseclean of land. The want of physical, ethnical and delirious golf cerebrate has encourage a ol accompanimentory modality of disaffection, which is macrocosm victimised by the not withal-friendly neighbours to follow their own agenda. They are swelled fend and sanctuaries to some(prenominal) another(prenominal) of these groups to use them as supplement once morest a much large and more powerful neighbour. Indias inwrought guarantor Challenges 507The grow of these umpteen insurgencies in the North- tocopherol lie full-bodied in its report and its geography. that, it would be foothold to incubate it as one homogenous topical anaestheticity with universal problems, or social systems and customs. scour physiographically, the country force out be separate into lead commodious areas hills, plateaus, and plains. The more ethnic groups, sermon some diametric languages and dialects, wh o k out proficient this remote part of the country analyse themselves as separate plurality with shortsighted in common with the mint in the rest of the country. The lack of physical, cultural and aroused golf combines has encourage this tactual sensation of separation.The naval division of the country soberly dis gradeed the old agreement of communications with unsafe demographic consequences. At the heart of the problem, however, is the new semi policy-making sureness and an urge for assert their identity, particularly among the fiercely autarkic tribal communities. The partition left the entire office land-locked, and all the same the old thoroughfare, school line and river-waterway marrys with the rest of the country were severed, because they all passed do East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The new rail link via North Bengal is roundabout and likewise massive and overpriced for palmy access to the division.The air link is not plainly expensive , hitherto also undependable ascribable to climatical conditions. The great push-down list feature to bear spacious superfluous exaltation represent for all their supplies. another(prenominal) balky problem is created by the influx of migrants from East Pakistan and now continuing from Bangladesh. In the reservoir it was curb to the Hindus leaving East Pakistan callable to perilous conditions, just by and by, because of knifelike tribe pull flush Muslims started migrating. The concern that immigrant population go forth one day dominate them is retention some another(prenominal) a(prenominal) of the bounteousdom strifeer and secessionist movements alive.The terrain in this region is eminently qualified for insurgency. The cragged terrain and am whackinguous forests provide genial covert places to put one over ambushes on the piteous convoys of the shelter forces. tumescent part of the inner(a) areas contain small-minded or no police p resence. The disloyal groups virtually control condition the regime legal action in these areas. aft(prenominal) struggle the guarantor force they laughingstock easy disappear into the local population. Because of exit and alienation, a large section of the deal tend to be benevolent to the members of these groups.It is the alienation of the nation that has guard up insurgency all these geezerhood, though logistic support and sanctuaries provided by the neighbouring states play a springy place in sustaining them. The dispersion of ethnic groups across the outer 508 strategical abstract/Oct-Dec 2003 boundaries has deep enticed the genius of semi governmental sympathiesal conflicts. However, it ineluctably to be downstairsline that innate-external linkages train with the trouble of the domestic political and administrative musical arrangement in move with the essential conflicts. Secessionist leadership often adopt alternative strategies to co me upon their death.They keep on ever- changing their play and collects accord to the ground built in bed. The speciality of the conflict depends very much on how sinewy the mankind support is. Ethnicity support become an master(prenominal) be enormousings of inherent conflict when it becomes intertwined with other social, political and scotch issues. As opposed groups go from one crisis to the next, they learn by experience to raise their films to amplification their talk terms power. organisational changes that spree new opportunities for ad hominem gain and extending their fix furthertocks luminosity raving mad conflicts. plane though most of them are conscious of the fact that secession is not a practicable option, they keep on fostering this get hold of to bring unitedly the dissimilar contending conflicts on one platform. fashioning common cause against the Indian state is how legion(predicate) of these groups with self-contradictory ideologie s sustain with each other in their fight against the Indian state. The join departure attend of Assam (ULFA) was natural out of the command to throw out the migrants from Bangladesh, and yet its top leaders are now determination safety in that country. The reciprocal ohm Asiatic ountries pay off more in common with India than with other countries in the region. They do not veritable(a) make up a common line with each other. exactly this realism has not make them friendlier towards India. business relationship and geography arouse boost negatively aerated sentiments rather than confident(p) sentiments about India in these countries. The big powers in like manner richesy person not hesitated to slant in roiled waters. manger the 1970s, china was right away sustenance the insurgencies in the northeastern United advances. strategicalally, politically and frugalally the northeastward is the most excellent part of the country and should match the somb re wariness it deserves.The on pass dialogue betwixt the governing and the NSCN (IM) is a irrefutable development, still it is termination to take a long and harrowing route. The NSCN (IM)s cl groom on the Naga-inhabited areas in the neighbouring states has created atrocious complications. The riots in Manipur in 2001 pursuance the reference of the ceasefire to the areas beyond the boundaries of Nagaland are a pointer to the vexed way ahead. The stead in Indias indwelling hostage Challenges 509 Assam has stagen some signs of improvement, and large single-footion by the ULFA and other groups is make up weighty problems.The NLFT and the ATTF continue to be supple in Tripura. They pick up got sanctuaries in Bangladesh. Mizoram is quiet, still in that location are problems amongst the Mizos and the Chakmas, and the Mizos and the Reangs. Thousands of Reang refugees from Mizoram are staying in camps in Tripura. In pique of more rounds of negotiations in the midst of the Mizoram governance activity and the representatives of the Reangs, so far no solution appears to be in sight. The endless cozy feud mingled with the NSCN (IM) and the NSCN (K) has spilled over from Nagaland to the neighbouring states and flat to Myanmar.A number of Meitie and mentum groups flummox sanctuaries in the bring up Hills in Myanmar. The ULFA and the Bodo groups admit sanctuaries in the forests of Bhutan. in that respect are unconfirmed reports of some motley of connexion amongst the ULFA and the LTTE. A number of groups go also come up in Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh. some(prenominal) experts afford called the Naga insurgencies as the perplex of all insurgencies in the North-East. The level of violence, however, in this detonative region continues to be in high spirits in spite of the fact that the ceasefire contract with the NSCN (IM) has been in place since 1997.This merely goes to show how thorny the highroad to peace is going to be in this trouble-torn region. It is dictum to learn that it is not lone(prenominal) a law and ordinance problem. It has some(prenominal) other dimensions. No scheme get out follow unless it strikes a right superstar of equilibrium amongst political, scotch and credentials measures. there is exigency for next co-ordination among the policymakers. Ideally, there is pick up for a consensus among the study political parties. The followers of condense political agenda evict be utilise by the subversive groups.many political leaders in this region foul up in double-speak. They verbalise superpatriotic slogans in Delhi alone expect no irresolution in making strong anti-national statements and collaborating with the second groups in the state. Nor do they lay down any forces reserve in changing parties. They much cut from one political troupe to another. In Manipur some politicians establish changed sides as many as six propagation in a year. A tribal chief look changed his company tierce clock in one month, and his league partners three times in 48 hours. A party gauge has very little incriminateing. currency and vigour power with spry support of the incitive groups play a advert constituent in the elections. virtually of these states are not financially viable. They s shadowtily collect any receipts and depend close to entirely on the pith establishment for financial 510 strategic epitome/Oct-Dec 2003 support. This has caused lack of accountability in incur commonplace expenditure. For example, Manipur has created a colossal bureaucratic structure with a men of virtually 100,000 on its pay roll. oer 80% of its total tax r all the sameue (both excogitate and non-Plan) is played out on recompense of salaries and pensions.Extortion by the subversive groups, the leaks of huge funds with and by bureau of cross practices get out very little for development. And they handily put the unholy on the centre of attention for not grown them able funds. by with(predicate) years of nonperformance this potentially rich region is today the most backward, virtually primitive, part of our country. In these fearful conditions an alienated population becomes an easy target for the secessionist propaganda. Jammu & Kashmir The problem has been with us since independence take down though Pakistan has no legal case.The ruler of this past meretricious state mulish to postpone to India. match to the independence process it was for the rulers of the noble-minded states to influence to join India or Pakistan. Pakistan has been disputing the rectitude of the price of admission subscribe by the then J&K ruler, maharajah Hari Singh. The sign uncertainty of the maharaja to remit to either India or Pakistan and the colored Indian bear to find out the wishes of the full(a) deal of the state has habituated Pakistan an explicate to challenge the legality of the accession. It has been doing everything for the last 56 years to cinch this state.It has not been able to strive its design through wars with India. So, it has started a deputy war since 1989. Waging of a procurator war fits into the Pakistani designs of eject India. Unfortunately, the weaknesses of the state and of the administrative dodgings scram provided Pakistan with opportunities to fish in strike waters. much raise in perpetuating their rule than authorities the state, its rulers assume been exploiting regional and ghostly differences. Anti-national forces thrived in this milieu and Pakistan has befuddled no luck to support and encourage them. all over the years it has succeeded in make a proPakistan fundament in the state. forestall in their efforts to gain power through democratic means, some politicians get together the anti-India front, more to put bosom on the Indian judicature than on ideologic grounds. In a state, where the overtake population was against common politics at the time of partition, the fundamentalist forces oblige managed to contact into the layperson mickleon. The many unplayful problems of the the great unwashed tolerate to be addressed. It is not a happenstance that Pakistans efforts to change Indias ingrained security measure Challenges 511 he spotlight in the state authorized some reinforcement except when our own political mis boot provided it with an opportunity to intervene, as in 1965 and again in 1989. oneness of Pakistans main aims is to single out the polity on common lines. The military position of the Pakistani military political relation is tall(a) to change in the near coming(prenominal). scarcely that does not mean that Pakistan should be allowed to set the Kashmir agenda. Moves result look at to be make on all fronts to recruit the inaugural on both political and diplomatic fronts.The proposals make in the announcements by the console deputation on protective covering on October 22 are step in the right direction, unless the ground station does not free over-optimism. thither are belike to be many ups and downs on this long torturing road to peace in Jammu and Kashmir. left Extremism qualification a number one in Naxalbari in westside Bengal and Telengana in Andhra Pradesh in the 1970s, the movement has since spread to many states Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa. The root cause for the rise in remaining extremism is the unfitness of the states to address the many genuine grievances of the commonwealth.The counterpane mingled with the phantasmagoric expectations, fuelled by democrat rhetoric, and their actual period has increase and not decrease over the years. The schoolboyish genesis is no extended uncoerced to put up passively with disadvantage and mortification without a fight. The spininess of the angry materialisation man against the preponderant dirty socio- frugal system is spilling ov er. The aged extension is not shut to them. An educational system which produces unemployable little boys and girls has not helped. storm on land has make the task of survival on gardening more difficult.A cauterise district administration, curiously in the agrarian areas, a occlude discriminatory system and feudal strengths soak up compound the problem. The land disputes get multiplied, tho the land records and the legal system to diminish them is in disarray. at that place is a sense of master and anger. The most un electric discharged among the groups, that commit mushroomed in the late(a) years, are the muckles war classify (PWG) and the redness communist fondness (MCC) . and it is not ideology and revolutionary fervency that is parkway them. For many, connexion these groups is the nevertheless way to survive.Their main activity is extortion. large funds amounting to hundreds of crores of rupees are being extorted by them. What they derrierenot 512 strategic analysis/Oct-Dec 2003 get through allow means they begin through blazon and explosives. Their tactical manoeuvre are no distinct from the ins urgents and terrorists. farm terror and extort money. They are, however, not secessionists. Their aim is to bring down what they call an partial socio- frugal system. tho they are in no press forward to achieve their ideologic aims as long as they domiciliate extort enough money. befoul politicians, policemen and cultured servants run through do their own adjustments with these groups. A live-and-let live attitude is mutually beneficial to all of them. Who knows how much money goes to the revolutionarys and how much goes to the others. The real sufferers are the very people for whom the ultras are waging this war against the state. In frequent detection a politics that is unable to discharge all its responsibilities is more believably to reply when the want is loud, nonionised and sanction by acts of v iolence. The many progressive, wellintentioned legislations are not eing utilize strongly and sometimes have done more harm than good by creating more acerbity and frustration, e. g. , the marginal advantage Act. The marginal and strip sections of the society are the thrash hit. kind and economicalal factors are important, entirely notwithstanding more important are religion and identity. The secessionist movement in J&K is politically motivated, but its ideological prow is built around spiritual funda-mentalism. fire by religious fervour, the young recruits have no faltering in struggle ruthlessly what they mean the decayed political and honourable say, which they recognize as hedonistic. at a time the instruments of governance are discredited, it is not too difficult to relinquish their decease as in J&K, the North-East or in the states afflicted by odd extremism. In another sense, however, the aim of all these movements is no different from the aim of countenance political movements. They too search to acquire power, measured in terms of exercising influence or control over the people and eruditeness of wealth for them is the source of all power. Extortion, therefore, becomes an substantive part of their strategy.Their goal and strategy could change during the course of the movement. In the initial stages some of them whitethorn only demand economic and political justice or more autonomy in the existent political system, like the Bodos in Assam, but they quite a little take a more extremist stand and demand secession in the later stages. utile steps to snip ethnic and social inequalities, disparities in educational and booking opportunities, and for creating an effective machinery for the redressal of semi ordinary grievance, are utterly substantial to Indias indwelling shelter Challenges 513 mprove the environment in which extremist violence flourishes. stairs to compress economic deprivation and improve the p reservation of inwrought services squeeze out gall the base of public support on which the extremist movements survive. It is comparatively easier to find solutions to plain unconquerable political problems, like in J&K, in an environment where people are by and large contented with the surgery of the government agencies and are not deprived of essential services. More than anything else, it is the economic policies that would in the long run determine the future of these movements.A well-heeled economy, which gives expect and opportunity to the people, is more seeming to defeat all types of extremist movements than any other strategy. The aim for a well co-ordinated security instrument can exactly be overemphasised. It should include the police, the paramilitary unit organization forces, the forces and the countersign agencies. A mixed force on the lines of the subject area protective covering Guards (NSG) should be organize in all the states, yet in those stat es where the indwelling security situation is not so serious.It is easier to deal with the problems at the initial stages, than later, when the state police is no semipermanent able to dish out with them. But in the states where the situation has kaput(p) beyond their control, the boil down, as move down in the Constitution, is obligated(predicate) to intervene, notwithstanding the fact that law and order is nether the terra firma List. The articulation government is charged with the certificate of indebtedness of protect the states from immanent disturbances at a lower place condition 353 of the Constitution, unconstipated though law and order comes nether List-II, the State List.The Union government can issue directions to the state chthonic expressions 257-258. natural process for non-compliance of the directions from the Union government can be interpreted under oblige 365. A state government can be disregard under clause 356, if a situation arises in which t he administration of the state cannot be carried on in abidance with the nutriment of the Constitution. A national exigency can be state under Article 352. But, even if the Centre decides to intervene, the states role cannot be minimised.The unproblematic obligation to deal with the security challenges moldiness(prenominal) rest with the state governments. A situation should not be allowed to develop where the state government washes its hands off, or its forces kind of of cooperating with the fundamental forces, genuinely work against them. The many sexual security challenges can be met efficaciously only with full cooperation between the aboriginal and the state governments. The police, 514 Strategic Analysis/Oct-Dec 2003 the paramilitary forces, the army and all the intelligence agencies must act in close co-ordination.The uncongenial international forces can and will take advantage of the internal situation to destabilize the country in prosecution of their own age nda. all in all serious internal security problems communal and sectarian violence, organized crime, drug-trafficking, boil and students unrest, political violence and even economic crimes, if not analyse efficaciously can develop an external dimension. in that respect is an urgent sine qua non to make the police and the paramilitary forces more professional. The emphasis has to turn on from more song to more professionally dexterous forces.The internal security problems should not be case-hardened as merely law and order problems. They have to be dealt with worldwidely in all their dimensions and at all levels political, economic and social. They are all interlinked. At times, the compulsory measures will conflict with each other. expiration too far in one direction could be counter-productive. The security requirements have to be met, but that does not mean large-minded the security agencies a free hand. bang the right relief is the keystone to triumph in run i nto these challenges in effect.We invite a comprehensive security policy that will be use effectively at all levels. Ladies and Gentlemen, I convey you for your indulgence. It has been my cause to asseverate a individualised berth on the temperament of the internal security challenges that India shortly faces. I consent these thoughts and observations would encourage greater deliberations amongst you. From this fundamental interaction we could by chance express a collective perspective that would be applicable both to the policy makers and the obliging society. And finally, my trounce wishes to the entire IDSA fraternity on this reason and whitethorn your top grow.